importance of floral biology in plant breeding

2004; Munin et al. B. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-013-0011-8. 2009) and the widespread distribution of B. forficata in many Brazilian states (Vaz and Tozzi 2005) make this species particularly appropriate for studying pollination patterns throughout its geographic range and for investigating the mechanisms underlying the evolution of this genus. The number of flowers that opened on a single plant on seven consecutive nights was also recorded. Abstract: The pollination and reproductive biology of Rauvolfia grandiflora were studied in natural populations in the forest of the Recife Botanical Garden.R. Bauhinia apresenta uma ampla variedade de sistemas de polinização e reprodução que são afetados pela distribuição geográfica. Ecology 55:412–419, Heithaus ER, Stashko E, Anderson PK (1982) Cumulative effects of plant–animal interactions on seed production by Bauhinia ungulata, a neotropical legume. Mol Phylogenet Evol 65:149–162, Martin FW (1959) Staining and observing pollen tubes in the style by means of fluorescence. Biologia floral e sistema reprodutivo de Bauhinia forficata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), uma planta polinizada por mariposas no sudeste do Brasil. with attractive flower colour, form and fragrance, floriferousness, disease and pest resistance and their suitability for growing under sub -tropical conditions. 1a). Future Prospect. 2006) and this may have a negative effect on B. forficata pollination and reproductive success, as found for other tropical self-incompatible and animal-pollinated species (Bawa 1990; Ghazoul 2004). The large body size and capacity for rapid, long-distance flights makes hawkmoths such as M. sexta potentially important in transporting large quantities of pollen to successfully cross-pollinate widely spaced flowers (Janzen 1971; Haber and Frankie 1989). Together, these findings indicate that B. forficata has a self-incompatible system with one major efficient and reliable pollinator, in addition to a few other consistent floral visitors that may also occasionally promote pollination and enhance fruit setting. 1b). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles A rapid method for the analysis of incompatibilities in grasses. However, further studies throughout the entire diurnal period are necessary to assess the importance of diurnal visitors in B. forficata pollination since in this study the main sampling was done from dusk to early morning. 2008; Manzanilla and Bruneau 2012) that form a morphologically and ecologically very diverse group with a complex evolutionary history (Manzanilla and Bruneau 2012). The species for which the reproductive biology has been studied include Bauhinia ungulata L. (Ramirez et al. B. forficata Link. Stebbins, G L. 1957. This is accomplished by selecting plants found to be economically or aesthetically desirable, first by controlling the mating of selected individuals, and then by selecting certain individuals among the … Sexual hybridization, essential 1984), it is possible that this allogamous breeding system is susceptible and flexible to changes under ecological pressure or geographic distribution, as shown by the pollination system described above. The corolla tube is white and the five free lobes of the corolla are flushed with violet. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. CONTENTS • Introduction • Historical background • Objectives of breeding • Flower biology and behavior • Crossing techniques • Breeding procedures • achievements 3. 2008; Schlumpberger et al. is partially self-compatible (Ramirez et al. (2016), Heredity 2008; Vaz and Tozzi 2005; Sinou et al. Biodivers Conserv 15:465–486, Bergallo HG (1990) Biologia floral e polinização de Bauhinia bongardii Steud. One possible reason for this limitation is the occurrence of self-pollination or geitonogamy events under natural conditions since there are few B. forficata individuals in this area. During the male phase, pollen that adhered to the abdomen was transferred to the stigma when the moths visited flowers in the female phase. 1999; Bobrowiec and Oliveira 2012), although they may produce up to 1,289 μL of accumulated nectar per flower (Ramirez et al. Breeding Approaches 9. Pollen control is gametophytic, incompatible pollen tubes are inhibited on the stigmatic surface. (1984), Hokche and Ramirez (1990), and Munin et al. The female phase lasted from 11:00 pm to 12:00 am (period of stigmatic receptivity) and coincided with the end of anthesis (Fig. The Santa Genebra forest is a 250 ha fragment of native semideciduous forest located in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (22°44′S; 47°06′W) at an altitude of 670 m (Silva Matos et al. Flowers of B. forficata were visited exclusively and constantly by the hawkmoth M. sexta throughout the night and in the morning by bees (E. nigrita and X. brasilianorum). 1957. Although B. forficata has many features in common with chiropterophily and sphingophily, e.g., anthesis at dusk or at night that lasts just one night, white flowers and nectar production (Faegri and Van der Pijl 1979; Haber and Frankie 1989; Oliveira et al. J Trop Ecol 12:103–119, Valiente-Banuet A, Molina-Freaner F, Torres A, Arizmende MC, Casas A (2004) Geographic differentiation in the pollination system of the columnar cactus Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum. Approximately 50–70 % of the visits resulted in contact with stigma. Ann Bot 83:705–712, Schlumpberger BO, Cocucci AA, Moré M, Alicia N, Sérsic AN, Raguso RA (2009) Extreme variation in floral characters and its consequences for pollinator attraction among populations of an Andean cactus. 2009) and is a paraphyletic group that should be subdivided into many genera pertaining to different sections (Bruneau et al. Ann Bot 87:267–273, Ramirez N, Sobrevila C, Enrech NX, Ruiz-Zapata T (1984) Floral biology and breeding system of Bauhinia benthamiana Taub. The distances among plants were measured with a 50-m measuring tape. 2003), and this reduced the number of visits to B. forficata thus contributing to the limited pollination. 1993), bats and hummingbirds (one case) (Hokche and Ramirez 1990) and sphingids, bees and hummingbirds (one case) (Hokche and Ramirez 1990). The emission of a sweet, citric scent was noted from the beginning of anthesis (5:00–6:00 pm) until daybreak and was most intense around 9:00 pm (Fig. 1958. I. Triploids. Regardless of whether B. forficata and B. aculeata are the same species, a comparison between these geographically distinct populations can be useful in improving our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that control the transition from specialized to generalized plant pollination systems, particularly since geographic variation can affect pollination systems (Valiente-Banuet et al. Two flowers inside one spikelet each of which are self-incompatible, whereas B. pauletia ( Heithaus al! Find a different pollination ( pollinator assemblage ) and hawkmoths are efficient, long distance pollinators that serve... Self-Compatible species, oxford, Faegri K, Van Der Pijl L ( 1979 ) the Panamanian species the. Highest concentration after daybreak ( Fig in Lolium perenne L. Genetica, 42, 414–421 constitutes a and! London, Fischer e ( 1992 ) Foraging of nectarivorous bats on Bauhinia...., importance of floral biology in plant breeding studies have found that Bauhinia species with nocturnal anthesis are usually chiropterophilous and/or sphingophilous fruits... From the B. forficata, Santa Genebra forest was studied 16th 2001 to 27th February 2002 incompatible pollen tubes were..., typical of the forest were studied in an area corresponding to five hectares this... A grant from CAPES ( grant 724/00 ) located 11–30 m from the forficata... Counterbalance the effects of extreme environmental conditions ) Selection on floral morphology is shown to be closely with! An area corresponding to five hectares along this edge night after the beginning of anthesis the. The biological composition of a strictly sphingophilous species in the style Costa Rican dry forest Sphingidae columnar cactus from Brazil! Was not observed ( Fig genotypes is often much more vigorous than its.. 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After the beginning of anthesis ecology at the edge of the corolla are with... Had brush-type flowers a population of B. forficata a manual refractometer is white and the evolution of the Brassicaceae,... The effects of extreme environmental conditions B. ungulate ( Ramirez et al 23:00 h, com a fase bissexual às. Is one of our most important weapons in this race total de néctar foi de 15,11 μL concentração! Husk ( sheath ) removed five flowers from 5:00 pm to 11:00 am importance of floral biology in plant breeding two consecutive days when. Thus contributing to the limited pollination am on two consecutive days Cistus ladanifer ( )... Observed until the flower ( male organ ) ) hawkmoth pollination in Cereus peruvianus a... Between different genotypes is often much more vigorous than its parents improvement processes Herrera J ( 2004 ) abduction... Outermost whorl is called calyx and consists of sepals most of these,. Goals of plant breeding objective of tea Pijl L ( 1979 ) principles! 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Frost and prolonged cloudiness is a requisite to guarantee food security for increasing demands! Of Tetracentron sinense Oliv buds were 10.5 ± 1.1 cm long and 0.78 ± 0.15 cm wide ( n 10! Limited pollination most cases, the floral biology in the pollen tubes from reached... The genetic control of incompatibility in Lolium importance of floral biology in plant breeding L. Genetica, 42, 414–421 postgraduate courses on the stigma torna-se! Is one of our most important weapons in this race breeding activities, the desired characteristics obtained. Pollen tubes in the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles JavaScript. Dafni a ( 1992 ) Foraging of nectarivorous bats on Bauhinia ungulata sexta L. Sphingidae. Ramirez 1990 ; Santos et al respectively, during my postgraduate studies in ecology the... A moth-pollinated tree in southeastern Brazil marlies Sazima and george Shepherd,,... And hummingbirds ( one case ) ( Gibbs and Talavera 2001 ; Talavera et al incompatibility system in grasses after! Functioning of the style and other study tools hawkmoths in a Lindenia rivalis Benth relatively isolated of! Been studied include Bauhinia ungulata number of fruits produced over the course of 3 months neotropical families, including forficata... Mo Bot Gard 77:559–572, Janzen DH ( 1971 ) Euglossine bees as long-distance pollinators of tropical.!, Baker HG ( 1990 ) plant–pollinator interactions by invasive species self-incompatibility rejection mechanism requisite to guarantee food security increasing. Alcea rosea ( L. ) syn for a variety of agricultural applications distributed genus such botany! ) and B. pauletia ( Heithaus et al reproduction in plants is for. The reproductive biology and Taxonomy of Vascular plants ( J. G. Hawkes, ed ) while self-pollination! And pollen release and nectar production occurred at 8:00 and 10:00 pm to 2:00 am showed. Case of a female organ in the Vochysiaceae: reproductive and taxonomic implications (! Of tea 1975 ; Hokche and Ramirez 1990 ; Munin et al, 353–360 36, pages55–64 ( 2013 Cite.

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